Dark circles under the eyes are a common concern, but they don’t have a single cause. In many cases, they’re the result of a combination of genetics, lifestyle factors, and skin changes that happen over time. Understanding what leads to dark circles can help in choosing the right products to address them effectively.
One common cause is thinning skin around the eyes. As the skin loses volume and becomes more translucent with age, the blood vessels underneath become more visible, creating a shadowed or bluish tone. Fatigue, dehydration, and poor sleep can make this look more pronounced.
Another contributing factor is pigmentation. In some people, especially those with medium to deep skin tones, dark circles are caused by excess melanin production in the under-eye area. This can result from sun exposure, genetics, or post-inflammatory changes after irritation.
Because these factors often overlap, dark circles can be stubborn and slow to fade. That’s why it’s important to use targeted products that work on both discoloration and skin support, rather than relying on general moisturizers or brightening creams.
Understanding the Difference Between Pigmentation and Shadows
Not all dark circles are the same. Some are caused by excess pigment in the skin, while others result from shadows created by the natural structure of the under-eye area. Knowing the difference is key to choosing products that actually help.
Pigmentation-related circles often appear brown or gray and are more common in medium to deep skin tones. These are typically caused by sun exposure, inflammation, or inherited skin traits. Ingredients that brighten the skin and regulate melanin can help reduce their appearance over time.
Shadow-based circles tend to look bluish or purple and are usually caused by volume loss, thin skin, or visible blood vessels. These circles often become more noticeable with age or fatigue. Hydrating and skin-strengthening products are better suited for this type.
Some people experience both forms at once, which is why combination products or multi-step routines are often needed. Identifying the underlying cause helps you choose treatments that are more likely to make a visible difference.